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Hildebrandt et al: Buccal transposition flap for closure of maxillary lip defects in 5 dogs
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

  • Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
  • All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
  • Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
  • Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
  • Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
  • Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
  • Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
  • Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes

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← Articles

Hildebrandt et al: Buccal transposition flap for closure of maxillary lip defects in 5 dogs
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

  • Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
  • All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
  • Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
  • Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
  • Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
  • Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
  • Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
  • Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was the most common complication observed after flap placement?

A. Hematoma formation
B. Seroma under the flap
C. Oronasal fistula
D. Facial nerve paralysis
E. Flap necrosis

Answer: Oronasal fistula

Explanation: Oronasal fistula occurred in 2 dogs, typically near the palatal incision.
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was the reported cosmetic and functional outcome of the buccal flap in all 5 dogs?

A. Poor, due to dehiscence
B. Moderate, with lip droop
C. Variable depending on tumor type
D. Good to excellent in all dogs
E. Poor in brachycephalic breeds

Answer: Good to excellent in all dogs

Explanation: All dogs had satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes, despite minor complications in 3 cases.
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was a recommended intraoperative consideration to reduce postoperative flap trauma?

A. Place a Jackson-Pratt drain under flap
B. Reduce angularis oris artery tension
C. Perform mandibular canine coronectomy
D. Avoid suturing oral mucosa to skin
E. Use cold saline irrigation of flap

Answer: Perform mandibular canine coronectomy

Explanation: Coronectomy was used in 2 dogs to prevent trauma and oronasal fistula from mandibular canine contact.
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was the primary vascular supply to the buccal transposition flap identified on CT?

A. Infraorbital and dorsal nasal arteries
B. Facial and transverse facial arteries
C. Superior labial and angularis oris arteries
D. Maxillary and descending palatine arteries
E. Mental and facial arteries

Answer: Superior labial and angularis oris arteries

Explanation: CT angiography confirmed perfusion of the flap via the superior labial and angularis oris arteries.
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what aspect of the buccal transposition flap allowed improved mobility compared to a rotation flap?

A. Retention of labial artery base
B. Repositioning of the nasal planum
C. Reconstruction of dorsal commissure
D. Release of ventrocaudal commissure
E. Use of subcutaneous undermining

Answer: Release of ventrocaudal commissure

Explanation: Releasing this margin allowed tension-free repositioning and improved flap mobility.

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