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Danielski et al: Humero-anconeal elbow incongruity in spaniel breed dogs with humeral intracondylar fissure: Arthroscopic findings
Veterinary Surgery 1, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • A novel caudo-medial arthroscopic portal allowed visualization of previously undescribed cartilage lesions on the caudal medial humeral condyle.
  • A consistent focal cartilage lesion (HA lesion) was observed in 100% of elbows with HIF (21/21), but in none of the 31 elbows without HIF.
  • Lesions varied from indentations to full-thickness cartilage loss, typically elliptical and located just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
  • A clunk-like sensation and dynamic engagement of the anconeal process into the lesion were observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during elbow manipulation.
  • In 5/21 elbows, engagement of the anconeal process led to observable widening of the HIF line, suggesting dynamic instability.
  • Findings support a novel concept of humero-anconeal incongruity as a contributor to the pathogenesis of HIF.
  • Spaniel breed was not a confounder—the lesion was only present in elbows with HIF, regardless of breed.
  • The study suggests potential for using arthroscopy as a screening tool for early detection of humero-anconeal incongruity and HIF risk.

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← Articles

Danielski et al: Humero-anconeal elbow incongruity in spaniel breed dogs with humeral intracondylar fissure: Arthroscopic findings
Veterinary Surgery 1, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • A novel caudo-medial arthroscopic portal allowed visualization of previously undescribed cartilage lesions on the caudal medial humeral condyle.
  • A consistent focal cartilage lesion (HA lesion) was observed in 100% of elbows with HIF (21/21), but in none of the 31 elbows without HIF.
  • Lesions varied from indentations to full-thickness cartilage loss, typically elliptical and located just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
  • A clunk-like sensation and dynamic engagement of the anconeal process into the lesion were observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during elbow manipulation.
  • In 5/21 elbows, engagement of the anconeal process led to observable widening of the HIF line, suggesting dynamic instability.
  • Findings support a novel concept of humero-anconeal incongruity as a contributor to the pathogenesis of HIF.
  • Spaniel breed was not a confounder—the lesion was only present in elbows with HIF, regardless of breed.
  • The study suggests potential for using arthroscopy as a screening tool for early detection of humero-anconeal incongruity and HIF risk.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what dynamic sign was frequently observed during elbow manipulation in dogs with HIF?

A. Crepitus during extension
B. Audible clicking on flexion
C. Anconeal process snapping over medial condyle
D. Clunk-like sensation with anconeal engagement into lesion
E. Restricted range of motion

Answer: Clunk-like sensation with anconeal engagement into lesion

Explanation: This sign was observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during dynamic arthroscopy.
In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what role did the novel caudo-medial arthroscope portal play in the study?

A. It allowed lateral compartment debridement
B. It facilitated synovial biopsy of the medial joint
C. It improved access to the radial head
D. It enabled visualization of the caudal humeral condyle
E. It replaced all traditional portals in elbow arthroscopy

Answer: It enabled visualization of the caudal humeral condyle

Explanation: This portal provided consistent access to view and assess the HA lesion associated with HIF.
In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what was the location of the novel cartilage lesion consistently observed in elbows with HIF?

A. Caudal aspect of the radial head
B. Medial aspect of the lateral humeral condyle
C. Caudal aspect of the medial humeral condyle
D. Dorsal aspect of the olecranon fossa
E. Craniolateral trochlear notch

Answer: Caudal aspect of the medial humeral condyle

Explanation: The lesion was always located on the caudal medial humeral condyle, just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what was the proposed mechanism by which HIF may develop in spaniel breeds?

A. Genetic failure of endochondral ossification
B. Direct trauma to olecranon fossa
C. Progressive osteoarthritis of lateral condyle
D. Humero-anconeal incongruity causing focal stress
E. Humeral growth plate asymmetry

Answer: Humero-anconeal incongruity causing focal stress

Explanation: Study findings supported mechanical impingement leading to stress fissures in the medial humeral condyle.
In Danielski 2022 et al., on humero-anconeal incongruity, what arthroscopic finding was noted in all elbows with HIF but in none of the elbows without HIF?

A. Fragmentation of the coronoid process
B. Medial coronoid kissing lesions
C. Full thickness cartilage erosion of the radial head
D. Humero-anconeal cartilage lesion
E. Partial detachment of the anconeal process

Answer: Humero-anconeal cartilage lesion

Explanation: The lesion was exclusive to HIF-affected elbows, not observed in controls.

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