Your Custom Quiz
In Dalton 2023 et al., on acetabular fracture repair, what was the most likely advantage of using locking screws during the procedure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures using precontoured plates on 3D-printed models is feasible and technically reproducible in dogs.
- All cadavers had fracture gaps <2 mm and step defects <1 mm, indicating accurate reduction.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal or absent in all cases, supporting potential neuroprotection from indirect approaches.
- Pelvic angulation was maintained <5°, confirming preservation of alignment post-reduction.
- Surgical time averaged ~46 minutes in cadavers for both approaches and repair.
- Clinical case showed good radiographic healing by 8 weeks and full union by 3 months, with early weight-bearing post-op.
- Use of locking screws improved reduction fidelity, particularly across a broad plate span.
- 3D printing accelerated surgical planning, though its necessity remains debated due to the availability and cost concerns.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-6-VS-dalton-2-323a1
In Ritson 2025 et al., on feline hilar lobectomy sealants, what **pressure level** was used as the endpoint for leak testing?
🔍 Key Findings
- No leakage occurred using pretied ligature loops (PLL) or double-shank (DS) titanium clips up to 40 cm H₂O airway pressure.
- 1/10 stapled lobes leaked at supraphysiologic pressure (40 cm H₂O), but this was not statistically significant (p = .33).
- All techniques sealed effectively under physiologic and supraphysiologic pressures in cadaveric feline lungs.
- PLL and DS clips required less working space than staplers, making them more practical for small thoracic cavities.
- DS titanium clips offer enhanced security due to dual shanks and tissue-gripping design, reducing clip slippage.
- Leak testing was cyclic and submerged, simulating physiologic ventilation and allowing robust evaluation.
- Stapling failure occurred along the staple line, highlighting risks of air leakage due to staple misalignment or poor hilar access.
- PLL and DS clips may be cost-effective and efficient alternatives for open or minimally invasive feline lung lobectomy.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Ex vivo comparative evaluation of feline hilar lung lobectomy using linear stapler, pretied ligature loop, and double-shank titanium clips
2025-7-VS-ritson-5
In Farrell 2022 et al., on checklist reliability in OVH simulation, how many OSATS GRS items met the content validity criteria?
🔍 Key Findings
- 39 of 40 checklist items for simulated OVH surgical assessment had good content validity (CVI = 0.81)
- Only 1 of 6 items from the OSATS GRS (respect for tissue) met inclusion criteria (CVI = 0.80)
- Checklist showed strong reliability (G-coefficient = 0.85) for moderate-stakes exams
- Modified OSATS GRS showed acceptable reliability (G-coefficient = 0.79)
- Two raters needed for acceptable reliability in high-stakes exams when using the checklist
- Minimal interrater bias found; variance largely due to interaction among student, rater, and item
- Digital recordings were a reliable method of evaluating surgical performance
- Study supports using checklist over OSATS GRS for assessing preclinical students on simulated models
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Evaluating validity evidence for 2 instruments developed to assess students' surgical skills in a simulated environment
2022-5-VS-farrell-2
In Hernon 2023 et al., on flushing the CBD, which of the following best describes the sensitivity of ultrasonographic detection of free abdominal fluid for diagnosing gallbladder rupture?
🔍 Key Findings
- Flushing the common bile duct (CBD) during cholecystectomy did not result in improved hepatobiliary markers compared to no flushing.
- Cholecystectomy alone significantly reduced ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, and cholesterol 3 days postoperatively (p < .05 for all).
- Survival to discharge was 90.3%, with no survival difference between flushed and non-flushed groups.
- Postoperative pancreatitis occurred in 12.9% of dogs, evenly distributed between groups, suggesting flushing did not increase risk.
- Most common complication was regurgitation (29%), not significantly different between groups.
- Free abdominal fluid had low sensitivity (29%) but moderate specificity (73%) for gallbladder rupture.
- No difference in duration of hospitalization or postoperative complications between groups.
- Gallbladder rupture rate was 12.9%, lower than previously reported in literature.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
The effect of flushing of the common bile duct on hepatobiliary markers and short‐term outcomes in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for the management of gall bladder mucocele: A randomized controlled prospective study
2023-5-VS-hernon-4
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic gastrectomy in cats, which staple type was ultimately used for live feline surgeries?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers with successful stapled gastrectomy and minimal technical complications.
- Stenosis at the incisura angularis occurred in 2/10 cadavers, associated with staple placement too close to the lesser curvature.
- Leak testing was negative in 8 cadavers and both live cats, indicating effective staple sealing.
- Mean stomach resection was ~28%, though less than human standards (~75–80%) for metabolic effects.
- Surgery was performed safely in two live feline subjects, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications over a 6-month follow-up.
- Technique refinements included orogastric tube placement and custom 3D-printed cannulas to improve staple line accuracy and avoid stenosis.
- Tri-Staple purple cartridges provided graduated compression suited for feline gastric tissue thickness (~2.5 mm).
- No need for staple line oversew in live cats; staple-only closure proved safe in this short-term study.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-buote2-4
In Canever 2022 et al., on labial flap vascular anatomy, which factor is considered most critical for survival of labial musculomucosal axial flaps?
🔍 Key Findings
- Superior and inferior labial arteries in cats perfuse robust angiosomes, which support musculomucosal axial pattern flaps.
- Cadaver angiography confirmed vascular anatomy, with consistent patterns between sides and among specimens.
- The vascular supply is located primarily in the musculomucosal layer, not the skin, critical for flap viability.
- Flap harvest requires inclusion of the orbicularis oris (± buccinator) muscle to ensure vascular integrity and flap survival.
- Two clinical cases demonstrated successful use of superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps for palatal reconstruction with complete flap survival and resolution of clinical signs.
- Intraoperative transillumination aided vessel localization, facilitating surgical planning and flap design.
- No cases of distal flap necrosis or dehiscence occurred, although mild donor site morbidity (lip retraction, mucosal denuding) was noted.
- These flaps offer a valuable option when local tissues are compromised, especially after failed previous repairs or radiation therapy.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Evaluation of the superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps in cats: An angiographic study and case series
2022-4-VS-canever-5
In Song 2024 et al., on CT vs cystoscopy for ectopic ureters in dogs, what was the sensitivity of CT for intramural ectopic ureters?
🔍 Key Findings
- CT correctly identified ectopic ureters in 91% of dogs, but missed 50% of normal ureters, limiting its negative predictive value.
- Sensitivity for intramural ectopic ureters was 65%, while specificity was 71%, indicating moderate diagnostic performance.
- Sensitivity for extramural ectopic ureters was only 29%, despite a high specificity of 97%.
- CT was inaccurate in predicting ureteral orifice location, with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 76% depending on the site.
- 26% of dogs were misclassified for cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA) eligibility based on CT findings alone.
- Overall CT accuracy for CLA candidacy was 74%, but a significant minority would have been inappropriately treated.
- Multivariate analysis found no predictive factors (e.g., colon distension, body weight) for when CT would be incorrect.
- Authors recommend confirmatory cystoscopy to verify CT findings prior to treatment planning.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Receiver operating characteristics of computed tomography (CT) compared to cystoscopy in diagnosis of canine ectopic ureters: Thirty-five cases
2024-3-VS-song-2
In Marturello 2023 et al., on 3D-printed humeral models, which factor had the **greatest influence** on model accuracy?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed models using desktop printers (FDM, LFS) showed submillimetric accuracy, comparable to or better than industrial-grade PJP printers.
- Bone size had a greater effect on print accuracy than printer type, especially in proximal humerus regions.
- The humeral condyle region showed the greatest model accuracy, with mean differences under 0.5 mm, regardless of printer.
- Models tended to be slightly smaller than cadaveric bones, potentially due to systematic underestimation during printing.
- FDM printer provided the highest accuracy at the humeral condyle in medium-sized bones (+0.09 mm).
- LFS printer produced prints faster and more reliably than FDM, although both had comparable dimensional accuracy.
- Statistically significant differences existed, but all were submillimetric and unlikely to impact surgical outcomes.
- Desktop printers are suitable for surgical planning, including plate pre-contouring and patient-specific instrumentation.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Accuracy of anatomic 3‐dimensionally printed canine humeral models
2023-1-VS-marturello-1
In Schneider 2025 et al., on axillary LN extirpation, what percentage of removed axillary lymph nodes contained tumor-related pathology?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
- Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
- No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
- Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
- Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
- Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
- False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
- The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor-bearing dogs
2025-6-VS-schneider-2
In Cheon 2025 et al., on guide accuracy in DFO, what was a notable advantage of the patient-specific guide?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both patient-specific and universal guides yielded correction errors <2°, with no statistically significant difference in accuracy.
- Universal guide corrected aLDFA up to 24° and AA up to 20°, addressing multiplanar deformities effectively.
- Patient-specific guides allowed for preoperative simulation, providing more stable pin placement and potentially aiding less-experienced surgeons.
- Universal guide eliminated the need for CT-based customization, reducing time and cost.
- Cadaver and bone model trials showed consistent accuracy, validating both methods in vitro and ex vivo.
- No significant differences in outcome when correcting uniplanar (aLDFA) vs biplanar (aLDFA + AA) deformities.
- Universal guide's fixed size presented limitations in small dogs, potentially requiring multiple size options.
- Universal guide showed potential for standard use, offering repeatable outcomes with minimal prep despite needing precise intraoperative placement.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Comparing the Accuracy of Patient-Specific Guide and Universal Guide for Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-cheon-3
Quiz Results
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Key Findings