🔍 Key Findings

• Ala vestibuloplasty significantly reduced normalized pulmonary transit time (nPTT) (mean 5.43 → 3.89 sec; p <.001), suggesting improved cardiopulmonary function.
• Clinical respiratory signs improved, including reduced snoring, sneezing, nasal discharge, and open-mouth breathing (all p <.01).
• Activity tolerance increased, with less dyspnea during activity and longer time to onset of dyspnea (p <.005).
• Paradoxical sternal motion resolved in all affected cats after surgery.
• Hiatal hernias resolved in 75% of affected cats on follow-up CT.
• No serious complications occurred, with only mild, self-limiting epistaxis and hypersalivation in a few cases.
• Aberrant turbinates were detected on CT in all cats, though only 1 showed obstructive CATs endoscopically.
• Total clinical severity scores improved significantly postoperatively (median reduction of 30 points; p <.001).

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• No significant difference in mechanical properties between contoured vs non-contoured SOP-LC rods
• Clamp configuration significantly influenced mechanical performance:
  • Single-side clamps → ↑ yield load, ↑ displacement, ↑ bending strength (p < 0.05)
  • Alternating-side clamps → ↑ initial torsional stiffness (p = 0.029)
• Clamp slippage was evident only in torsional tests; screw loosening may be torque-dependent
• Mild screw bending and construct offset suggest subtle instability
• Recommends clamp configuration choice based on loading scenario
• Suggests 3.0 Nm torque may be more effective than 2.5 Nm to prevent clamp slippage

🔍 Key Findings

• The survey included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents from ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS. 98.2% had performed soft tissue minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
• In the past year, surgeons reported a median caseload of 90% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced laparoscopy, and 10% thoracoscopy; for residents: 100% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced, 0% thoracoscopy.
• Laparoscopic ovariectomy and OHE were the most commonly performed MIS procedures, with most respondents proficient in basic laparoscopy, but few performing advanced laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
• Top barriers to MIS adoption were: lack of consistent caseload, lack of training, difficult learning curve, equipment limitations, and cost.
• 76.6% of surgeons and 92.9% of residents received MIS training during residency. Those trained had completed residency median 6 years ago, compared to 22 years ago for those without MIS training (p < .001). Perceived adequate training correlated with higher proficiency.
• MIS was recognized as having a steep learning curve, but patient benefits (mean score 4.0/5) were the top motivation — less pain, faster recovery, improved visualization.
• The authors conclude basic laparoscopy is widely adopted, but advanced and thoracoscopic MIS remain underutilized. Training and access are key to future growth.
• Expanded training and improved access to equipment are necessary to promote broader integration of MIS into veterinary soft-tissue surgery.

🔍 Key Findings

• Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
• Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
• Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
• Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
• Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
• Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
• Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
• Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.

🔍 Key Findings

Incidence of BFX lateral bolt stem breakage: 2.95% (13 dogs, 14 stems)

Implant factors:

• 13/14 were BFX lateral bolt stems (sizes #5–7)
• +9 necks used in 5/11 of 17 mm heads
• 10/14 stems undersized based on radiographs
• 10/13 dogs exceeded weight limits for implanted stem size

Malalignment:

• 10/14 had varus alignment (median 3.9°)
• 8/14 had insufficient proximodistal seating

Breakage site: Proximolateral shoulder in all cases

Revision outcomes:

• 11 revised (7 CFX, 3 larger BFX, 1 collared)
• 9/10 revised dogs regained full function
• Complications: 1 rebreakage, 1 periprosthetic fracture, 1 fixation failure

Histopathology:

• Electron microscopy showed fatigue striations and incomplete bead fusion

Conclusion: Avoid small BFX lateral bolt stems if undersized or if long necks required; use weight guidelines to prevent fatigue failure.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 124 dogs (64 S, 60 FFP); French Bulldogs most common (54/124)
• Pre-op clinical signs: Exercise intolerance (34/124), stertor (22), regurgitation (7), vomiting (12)
• Operative time (no concurrent procedure): Longer in FFP (75 vs 51 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic time: Longer in FFP (111 vs 80 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic complications: Similar rates (FFP 50, S 49; p = .30)
• Post-op regurgitation: 27/124 (S: 17, FFP: 10; p = .18)
• Post-op aspiration pneumonia: Rare (S: 4, FFP: 5)
• Major complications: Rare (5/124); 2 dogs euthanized post-op (1 per group)
• Revision surgery: Needed in 7/124 (3 S, 4 FFP)

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• Case: 9-year-old Labrador with a right caudal pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
• Technique: Peritumoral injection of indocyanine green (ICG) under VATS guidance, followed by near-infrared (NIR) imaging.
• SLN identified: Right tracheobronchial lymph node fluoresced and was safely extirpated.
• Histology: Grade 1 adenocarcinoma, pneumonia, reactive node.
• Outcome: Patient deteriorated and died on postoperative day 3 due to systemic complications (not linked to surgical technique).
• Clinical relevance: First clinical application of SLN mapping for canine pulmonary neoplasia; method feasible with open or minimally invasive approaches.

🔍 Key Findings

• Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
• Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
• Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
• Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
• Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
• Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
• No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
• Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.

🔍 Key Findings

• Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
• Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
• No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
• Leak location:
  • HSE: 60% from suture holes
  • CE: 100% from incisional line
  • HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
• Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.