Your Custom Quiz
In De Moya 2023 et al., on femoral physeal/neck fracture repair, what was the most common Salter-Harris classification observed in the cohort?
🔍 Key Findings
- FGPP (fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning) resulted in successful healing in 10/13 fractures, with good limb function.
- Complications occurred in 5 of 11 cases, including intra-articular implants, malunion, implant failure/nonunion, and implant migration.
- Cases with delayed surgery (>15 days) or radiographic remodeling were more likely to experience major complications.
- Most fractures (10/13) were classified as Salter-Harris type I with mild displacement.
- Median surgical time was 60 minutes, and no conversions to open surgery were needed.
- Postoperative femoral neck resorption was minimal, suggesting possible benefits of the minimally invasive approach for preserving vascular supply.
- One intra-articular pin led to progressive joint disease and required femoral head ostectomy.
- FGPP appears best suited for acute, minimally displaced fractures in young dogs (<8 months) with planned elective explant to avoid growth disturbance.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Closed reduction and fluoroscopic‐guided percutaneous pinning of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures: Thirteen fractures in 11 dogs
2023-6-VS-demoya-1
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on femoral MIPO alignment, what best describes the outcome for femoral alignment across both methods?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
- Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
- Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
- Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
- FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
- Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
- Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
- Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D‐printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-6-VS-scheuermann-3-d1892
In Lampart 2023 et al., on manual laxity testing, how did subjective estimates of cranial tibial translation (CTT) compare with objective values?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cranial drawer (CD), tibial compression (TCT), and tibial pivot compression test (TPCT) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in differentiating intact from CCL-deficient stifles in this ex vivo model.
- TPCT elicited the highest cranial tibial translation (CTT) and internal tibial rotation, though differences in rotation did not reach statistical significance.
- Inter- and intraobserver agreement for CTT was excellent across all tests (ICC >0.9).
- Rotation and force application had greater variability, particularly with less experienced observers and during CD.
- Forces applied during CD were significantly higher in intact limbs and correlated with observer experience.
- Subjective CTT estimates strongly correlated with objective kinematic measurements (r = 0.895), with a median absolute error of 1.31 mm.
- TPCT may be particularly useful for assessing rotational instability, mimicking the pivot-shift test used in human ACL exams.
- Study supports development of a grading system for manual laxity testing, especially in acute CCLR cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Evaluation of the accuracy and intra‐ and interobserver reliability of three manual laxity tests for canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture—An ex vivo kinetic and kinematic study
2023-5-VS-lampart-3
In Trefny 2025 et al., on plate length and stiffness, what plate–bone ratio was required before significant stiffness and strain differences became apparent?
🔍 Key Findings
- 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
- Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
- No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
- Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
- The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
- Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
- Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
- Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Effect of Plate Length on Construct Stiffness and Strain in a Synthetic Short-Fragment Fracture Gap Model Stabilized with a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
2025-2-VCOT-trefny-5
In Sisk 2024 et al., on intramedullary nails, what biomechanical property is most affected by increasing nail diameter?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- IMN provides relative stability, resists bending/torsion due to central axis alignment
- Larger diameter nails = exponentially greater stiffness (∝ D⁴)
- Trade-off: Larger interlocking holes weaken fatigue strength of the nail
- Reaming increases contact/stability but has pros/cons:
- Improves outcomes in closed fractures
- May reduce endosteal blood flow in thin-walled bones (e.g., cats)
- Design advances:
- Angle-stable IMN reduce rotational slack
- Expandable nails simplify insertion but may compromise removal or compressive load resistance
- Precontoured nails match bone curvature but lack consistent clinical superiority
- Material debates continue (e.g., titanium vs. stainless steel vs. magnesium)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Biomechanical Principles of Intramedullary Nails in Veterinary and Human Medicine
2024-6-VCOT-sisk-1
In Quitzan 2022 et al., on staple line configuration, which FEESA combination demonstrated the highest initial leak pressure (ILP)?
🔍 Key Findings
- All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
- FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
- 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
- No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
- All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
- No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
- Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of staple line number and configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-quitzan-1
In Antonakakis 2022 et al., on telovelar tumor resection, what surgical structure was incised to access the fourth ventricle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Telovelar approach enabled complete resection of a fourth ventricle choroid plexus tumor in a dog without postoperative complications.
- Postoperative MRI confirmed gross total tumor removal, and the dog remained neurologically normal 28 months post-surgery.
- The tela choroidea was used as a surgical landmark and incised to allow atraumatic access to the tumor.
- Cerebellum was spared using this technique, minimizing risk of cerebellar injury (e.g., cerebellar mutism).
- No hemorrhagic complications were noted during surgery due to dissection through avascular planes.
- Histopathology favored choroid plexus carcinoma based on mitotic index (9/10 HPFs), though definitive diagnosis remained pending.
- The case highlights the utility of telovelar over transvermian approach, given its minimally traumatic nature and improved exposure.
- Survival beyond 2 years without adjunctive therapy suggests surgical excision alone may be curative in select cases.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Use of a telovelar approach for complete resection of a choroid plexus tumor in a dog
2022-8-VS-antonakakis-1
In Gomes 2025 et al., on subdural shunting for TL-AD, which modification was part of the surgical technique for SDS placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified subdural shunt (SDS) placement was adapted from prior techniques using a hemilaminectomy approach and no suturing of the dura or shunt.
- Dogs receiving SDS had significantly better long-term outcomes (85.7% improved) compared to those with durotomy alone (41.7%).
- Recurrence rate was lower in the SDS group (14.3%) than control (41.7%), though not statistically significant.
- Most recurrences occurred in Pugs (5/7), suggesting a breed predisposition.
- Shunt size was limited to 25% of spinal cord diameter, typically 3–3.5 Fr.
- CSF flow through the shunt was confirmed intraoperatively, supporting the role of SDS in maintaining flow and possibly preventing recurrence.
- Immediate postoperative outcomes were not different between groups (≈42% deteriorated), but long-term recovery was better with SDS.
- Steroid use pre-surgery did not correlate with improved outcome; fewer SDS dogs received steroids pre-op.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Post‐surgical outcome and recurrence rates in thoracolumbar arachnoid diverticula undergoing durotomy alone or alongside a modified technique of subdural shunt-placement in dogs
2025-5-VS-gomes-1
In Lomas 2025 et al., on hybrid THR in cats, what was the most common indication for total hip replacement (THR) in this cohort?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hybrid THR in cats showed no major complications across 17 hips in 15 cats, including 2 bilateral cases.
- Postoperative radiographs confirmed stable implant positioning with no loosening, migration, or dislocation in follow-up imaging.
- Mean owner satisfaction was high, with a mean short-form feline musculoskeletal pain index (sf-FMPI) score of 2/36 at a mean follow-up of 438 days.
- SCFE (slipped capital femoral epiphysis) was the most common indication, seen in 13/17 hips.
- Partial tenotomy of rectus femoris origin resolved intraoperative medial patella luxation in 3 cases—no cats required surgical correction later.
- A micro BFX cup allowed for increased acetabular offset, possibly reducing luxation risk even when using a +0 femoral head offset.
- Hybrid THR was successfully used as a revision for failed CFX THR due to recurrent luxation—implants remained stable post-revision.
- Use of oversized cups (12 mm) with shallow seating or medial breach still resulted in stable outcomes, suggesting good implant fixation even with reduced bone stock.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Medium‐term outcomes of hybrid total hip arthroplasty in cats: Cemented femoral stem and cementless acetabular cup in 17 hips (2020–2023)
2025-6-VS-lomas-1
In Bilmont 2025 et al., on cup version comparison, what was the typical degree of underestimation when using truncated face version to infer open face version?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open face version was significantly greater than truncated face version by 14°–22° (p <.001).
- Open face version increased linearly with inclination and pelvic extension, while truncated face version remained largely stable.
- Truncated face version is an unreliable surrogate for open face version.
- Accurate interpretation of cup version should include both truncated face version and inclination.
- Canine 3D pelvic model and CT-based simulation used for all measurements.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Assessment of BFX cup version in a three-dimensional model simulating the ventrodorsal radiographic view
2025-1-VS-bilmont-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings