Your Custom Quiz
In Holman 2024 et al., on canine shoulder arthroscopy, what was the main method used to mark the limits of visualization?
🔍 Key Findings
- 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
- 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
- 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
- Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
- Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
2024-1-VCOT-holman-4
In Zann 2023 et al., In Long-term outcomes after proximal humeral OC debridement in dogs, how did kinetic gait analysis compare affected and unaffected limbs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 20 dogs (26 shoulders) evaluated at mean 3.5 years post-surgery after arthroscopic or open debridement.
- Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and decreased range of motion (↓ extension, ↓ flexion) in affected limbs compared to contralateral healthy shoulders.
- All treated shoulders developed osteoarthritis, confirmed radiographically, by CT, and arthroscopically.
- Moderate to severe synovitis was present in all shoulders; lesions showed patchy, incomplete cartilage infilling even up to 8.9 years post-op.
- Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in PVF/VI between affected and unaffected limbs, despite mild lameness clinically.
- Owners reported good to very good mobility (median LOAD = 6), often underestimating clinical lameness.
- CT detected larger lesion dimensions than radiographs (wider, deeper defects).
- Despite progression of OA, surgical debridement was associated with satisfactory long-term function, though not prevention of degenerative changes.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Long-term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
2023-7-VS-zann-5
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on MIPO with 3D-printed bone models, what was the authors’ recommendation regarding clinical use of the prototype fracture reduction system?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates based on 3D-printed femurs produced accurate femoral alignment (median deviations <3 mm or <3° in all planes).
- Both fracture reduction system (FRS) and intramedullary pin (IMP) methods achieved near-anatomic alignment in cadaveric femoral fractures.
- FRS required fewer fluoroscopic images (median 7 vs. 26, P = .001), but longer surgical time (median 43 vs. 29 min, P = .011).
- Sagittal plane alignment: FRS led to mild increased recurvatum (median 2.9°), but still within near-anatomic limits (<5°).
- Axial alignment: Both groups achieved near-anatomic torsion (<10°), though one IMP case had acceptable (not near-anatomic) alignment.
- Custom drill guides and FRS improved fluoroscopy efficiency but were cumbersome and time-consuming to use. Authors do not recommend current prototype for clinical use.
- Clinical significance: 3D printed models allow accurate precontouring, reducing intra-op plate adjustment; custom guides may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D-printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-7-VS-scheuermann-5
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which approach required zygomatic arch osteotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
- Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
- Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
- All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
- LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
- IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
- IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
- Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
2023-2-VS-viitanen-1
In Pfund 2025 et al., on femoral cortical thickness, what was the key preoperative radiographic predictor of femoral fissure or fracture in dogs undergoing THR?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lower CTI values were significantly associated with higher risk of both intraoperative and postoperative femoral fractures or fissures (p <.0001).
- The mean CTI for all dogs was 0.285, whereas dogs with fissures/fractures had a mean CTI of 0.246.
- For each 0.001 increase in CTI, odds of fissure/fracture decreased by 2–3% depending on perioperative timing.
- High interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.984) and consistency between pre- and postoperative CTI measurements (ICC = 0.96).
- CTI was the only significant risk factor identified; age, breed, bodyweight, BCS, CFI, or luxoid hips were not significant.
- Prophylactic lateral plating in dogs with low CTI (mean 0.230) resulted in no postoperative fractures.
- Postoperative fractures occurred in 8% of cases, and 93% of dogs returned to full function within one year.
- CTI may be a useful radiographic screening tool, especially when advanced imaging (e.g., DEXA) is unavailable.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Femoral cortical thickness index in a population of dogs undergoing total hip replacement
2025-6-VS-pfund-1
In Nicolas 2024 et al., how was the scapular osteotomy stabilized?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
- A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
- The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
- At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
- Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
- The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
2024-2-VCOT-nicolas-3
In Kokkinos 2025 et al., on THR age effects, what age group had the highest overall complication rate following total hip replacement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
- Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
- Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
- Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
- Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
- Group A: 22.2%
- Group B: 26.8%
- Group C: 41.7%
- No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
- Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
- Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
- Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
- Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
- No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications in dogs
2025-3-VS-kokkinos-1
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, which of the following best describes the surgical approach used for the myotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-2
In Marti 2024 et al., on surgical outcomes in feline sialoceles, what conclusion was drawn about marsupialization alone as a treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
- Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
- Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
- Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
- Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
- Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
- One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
- Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Outcomes of surgically treated sialoceles in 21 cats: A multi‐institutional retrospective study (2010–2021)
2024-7-VS-marti-5
In Burton 2025 et al., on antebrachial conformation, what is a proposed biomechanical consequence of increased PRUDA?
🔍 Key Findings
- PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
- PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
- UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
- Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
- Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
- Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2025-4-VS-burton-5
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings