Your Custom Quiz
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in cats, what percentage of cadavers had successful LVSG procedures completed?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
- Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
- No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
- Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
- Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
- Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
- No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
- Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-VS-buote2-1
In Dickerson 2023 et al., on surgical outcomes in hepatic abscessation, what proportion of dogs developed intraoperative hypotension?
🔍 Key Findings
- Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
- Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
- Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
- Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
- Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
- Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
- No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
- E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Outcome in 38 dogs surgically treated for hepatic abscessation
2023-1-VS-dickerson-5
In Pfeil 2024 et al., on fluoroscopic pinning, how many cases showed pin migration?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP) was used to treat 17 animals (15 dogs and 2 cats) with 57 metabone fractures, including various fracture configurations (short-oblique body, physeal, and comminuted).
- All 57 fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pins via FGNMP. The study exclusively focused on pin fixation and did not include screws or combined fixation techniques.
- Median surgical time was 54 minutes (range 26–99 min), indicating efficient procedural execution.
- Radiographic bone union was achieved in all fractures, with a median time to union of 6 weeks (range 4–12 weeks). Union was confirmed in all initially non-united fractures on follow-up.
- No major complications were reported. A single pressure sore at the olecranon resolved uneventfully, and no pin migration or osteomyelitis was observed.
- Pin extensions were noted radiographically (e.g., 42% distal subchondral overextension), but were not associated with clinical problems.
- Fluoroscopic guidance improved implant accuracy and preserved soft tissue, enabling effective fracture alignment and stabilization using this minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) approach.
- The authors concluded that FGNMP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for a variety of metabone fracture types, yielding quick recovery, fast healing, and good to excellent long-term functional outcomes in all 17 cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning
2024-5-VS-pfeil-5
In Latifi 2022 et al., on forelimb fascial mapping, which fascial type was most frequently observed in the antebrachium of dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascia was present over most of the canine forelimb, but key areas like the elbow, carpus, and manus lacked robust fascial planes for wide resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheet) was primarily found in the antebrachium, with type IV (periosteal) fascia located at the olecranon, scapular spine, and accessory carpal bone.
- Distal antebrachial fascia was thin and adherent, often blending with carpal structures and lacking reliable surgical planes.
- Partial tenectomy or joint capsule resection was often required for wide excision in the distal limb, especially over the triceps tendon and carpus.
- Nerve transections (e.g., superficial radial or ulnar branches) were commonly needed to maintain fascial margins, though often with minimal functional loss due to overlapping innervation.
- Digital and metacarpal pads lacked clear deep fascial borders, making digit amputation necessary for oncologic margins in distal tumors.
- Dissections revealed fascial junctions as either Type A (easily separable) or Type B (risk of disruption), guiding resection plane selection.
- Findings provide a surgical map to guide preoperative planning for superficial tumor excision on the forelimb.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part II: Forelimb
2022-1-VS-latifi-1
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on MIPO with 3D-printed bone models, what postoperative alignment difference was noted in the FRS group compared to the virtual surgical plan?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates based on 3D-printed femurs produced accurate femoral alignment (median deviations <3 mm or <3° in all planes).
- Both fracture reduction system (FRS) and intramedullary pin (IMP) methods achieved near-anatomic alignment in cadaveric femoral fractures.
- FRS required fewer fluoroscopic images (median 7 vs. 26, P = .001), but longer surgical time (median 43 vs. 29 min, P = .011).
- Sagittal plane alignment: FRS led to mild increased recurvatum (median 2.9°), but still within near-anatomic limits (<5°).
- Axial alignment: Both groups achieved near-anatomic torsion (<10°), though one IMP case had acceptable (not near-anatomic) alignment.
- Custom drill guides and FRS improved fluoroscopy efficiency but were cumbersome and time-consuming to use. Authors do not recommend current prototype for clinical use.
- Clinical significance: 3D printed models allow accurate precontouring, reducing intra-op plate adjustment; custom guides may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D-printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-7-VS-scheuermann-3
In Wang 2025 et al., on TPLO osteotomy alignment, what conclusion was drawn about fluoroscopy's impact on surgical variability?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement achieved a median postoperative TPA of 3° (range: 0–4.5°), showing excellent accuracy.
- The D1 measurement (from patellar ligament insertion to osteotomy exit) was more reproducible and accurate intraoperatively than D2.
- Median R1 value (D1-based) matched the intended 21 mm radius with only 0.5 mm deviation, while R2 deviated by 2.5 mm.
- Real-time fluoroscopy allowed dynamic limb positioning and reduced osteotomy placement variability.
- Intraoperative fluoroscopy reduced reliance on preoperative planning, especially in cases with difficult anatomy or positioning.
- Radiation exposure was minimal (avg. 3 images per case) and within safe limits using standard protection protocols.
- Study standardized to 21 mm blades and excluded dogs with developmental orthopedic conditions to reduce confounders.
- Targeting a lower postoperative TPA (3°) may reduce meniscal load and cranio-caudal instability, though long-term outcomes require further study.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement in TPLO: Postoperative tibial plateau angle and preoperative planning evaluation
2025-7-VS-wang-5
In Anderson 2024 et al., what recommendation did authors give to help detect this complication early?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 3 dogs developed permanent fibular nerve dysfunction following TPLO
- Common findings:
- Drill hole or screw in caudal tibial cortex just distal to osteotomy
- Caudal malpositioning of TPLO plate (esp. right limb of case 3)
- Post-op signs: cranial tibial atrophy, knuckling, exaggerated gait, no hock flexion
- One case had confirmed deep/superficial fibular neuropathy via electrodiagnostics
- Recommended prevention: avoid overly caudal drill paths; careful gait assessment at follow-up is key
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Permanent Iatrogenic Fibular Nerve Injury following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
2024-3-VCOT-anderson-5
In Quitzan 2022 et al., on staple line configuration, which FEESA group had significantly higher ILP than both 2V/2T and 3V/2T groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
- FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
- 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
- No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
- All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
- No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
- Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of staple line number and configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-quitzan-3
In Williams 2024 et al., on local anesthetic protocol, what was the standard volume used per side for the maxillary nerve block?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial
- Population: 32 brachycephalic dogs undergoing cut-and-sew sharp staphylectomy
- Groups: Adrenaline + lidocaine (Group A) vs. Lidocaine only (Group NA)
- Main Findings:
- Total hemorrhage significantly lower in Group A (median 1.82 g) vs Group NA (7.95 g); p = .013
- Normalized hemorrhage significantly lower in Group A; p = .021
- Surgeon-assigned hemorrhage scores significantly lower in Group A; p = .029
- No adverse effects (tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, etc.) noted from adrenaline use
- Breed effect: English Bulldogs bled more overall even after normalization
- Clinical Implication: Adrenaline in nerve blocks reduces hemorrhage without added risk
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Evaluation of the addition of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. A prospective, randomized study
2024-1-VS-williams-5
In Giansetto 2022 et al., on preputial urethrostomy, which key benefit did the novel surgical technique provide over traditional prepubic urethrostomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified preputial urethrostomy without penile amputation was successfully performed in 4 male dogs with urethral stenosis or trauma.
- The technique involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra to the preputial mucosa via caudal celiotomy, avoiding perineal urethrostomy complications.
- No cases of skin scalding or stoma stenosis were reported during short- and long-term follow-up.
- Two dogs developed mild urinary incontinence, particularly when excited; one improved with phenylpropanolamine.
- The approach preserved local anatomy, avoiding penile amputation, osteotomies, and preputial dissection.
- Postoperative urinary catheterization was used to protect the anastomosis, although optimal duration remains debated.
- Surgical access via the linea alba minimized tension at the anastomosis site and avoided complications from paramedian approaches.
- This technique may serve as a viable alternative to prepubic urethrostomy, reducing urine-related skin complications and improving cosmetic outcome.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs
2022-8-VS-giansetto-1
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