🔍 Key Findings

• CESF with distraction osteogenesis restored elbow congruity and normalized aLDRA in skeletally immature dogs with PCDRP.
• Radial head subluxation was eliminated in all dogs, and elbow incongruity reduced significantly (from 6.1 mm to 0.3 mm, p <.01).
• Mean radial lengthening of 22.6 mm (∼11% of normal length) was achieved, but only 80% of recorded distraction translated to length gain.
• Major complications occurred in 2/12 dogs: one with permanent carpal contracture, one with radial fracture at wire tract.
• Minor complications (e.g., carpal pain, restricted extension, synostosis, pin tract issues) were noted in 10/12 dogs but generally resolved.
• Owner surveys (8/12 dogs) reported good to excellent long-term function, even up to 6 years post-op.
• Radial valgus deformities were moderate (mean 15°) and less severe than deformities from ulnar physeal closure.
• Surgical strategy included staged distraction, with radial or combined radius/ulna distraction guided by fluoroscopy and adjusted per case.

🔍 Key Findings

• WMg (water manometer with gauge) was the most accurate and precise pressure measurement device.
• APT (arterial pressure transducer) was less accurate than WMg but still precise; it differed significantly from the gold standard (WMr).
• CCT (Compass CT) was the least accurate and precise and differed significantly from the set pressure.
• Mean differences from set pressure were smallest for WMg (−0.020 cm H2O), moderate for APT (−0.390 cm H2O), and largest for CCT (−1.267 cm H2O).
• All devices showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 1.000) and intraobserver agreement (ICC range 0.985–0.998).
• Even though the CCT performed least well, all devices had mean errors ≤1.3 cm H2O, indicating potential clinical utility.
• WMg or WMr should be preferred in surgical settings due to superior accuracy and precision.
• Measurement precision is more critical than accuracy during PSS surgery, as a 1 mm Hg (~1.3 cm H2O) increase in portal pressure raises odds of poor outcomes by 9%.

🔍 Key Findings

• Raised eyelets caused more suture mid-section failures than embedded eyelets, suggesting wear or cutting against the anchor.
• No significant effect of cyclic loading on failure load (Fmax) was found for any anchor group.
• Anika anchor showed the least reduction in suture strength relative to the reference (eyebolt screw), indicating a favorable design.
• All sutures failed via suture breakage, not anchor pullout, indicating suture fatigue was the primary failure mode.
• Sutures in raised eyelets more often failed at the mid-section, while those in embedded eyelets failed at the knot.
• IMEX and Jorvet anchors showed significantly reduced Fmax compared to eyebolt screws.
• Loading direction and anchor design likely affect wear and ultimate failure, particularly in dynamic in vivo conditions.
• Future designs should aim for embedded, smooth eyelets that can accommodate larger suture sizes without increasing wear.

🔍 Key Findings:

• Sample: 24 canine cadavers, 477 total pins across 240 vertebrae.
• Technique Comparison: 3D printed guides (3DPG) vs freehand (FH).
• Acceptable Placement Rates: 3DPG = 87.5%, FH = 69.8% (p < .0001).
• Odds Ratio for FH: 0.28 (95% CI 0.16–0.47), significantly less likely to yield acceptable placement.
• Worst Accuracy Locations: T10 (OR 0.10), T11 (OR 0.35).
• Surgeon Impact: Surgeon 2 outperformed others (OR 9.61, p = .001).
• Modified Zdichavsky Classification used to score implant accuracy (Grades I–IIIb).
• Primary Benefit of 3DPG: Increased safety and precision, regardless of surgeon experience.

🔍 Key Findings

• Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
• Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
• All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
• Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
• Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
• Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
• Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
• Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.

🔍 Key Findings

• CESF with distraction osteogenesis restored elbow congruity and normalized aLDRA in skeletally immature dogs with PCDRP.
• Radial head subluxation was eliminated in all dogs, and elbow incongruity reduced significantly (from 6.1 mm to 0.3 mm, p <.01).
• Mean radial lengthening of 22.6 mm (∼11% of normal length) was achieved, but only 80% of recorded distraction translated to length gain.
• Major complications occurred in 2/12 dogs: one with permanent carpal contracture, one with radial fracture at wire tract.
• Minor complications (e.g., carpal pain, restricted extension, synostosis, pin tract issues) were noted in 10/12 dogs but generally resolved.
• Owner surveys (8/12 dogs) reported good to excellent long-term function, even up to 6 years post-op.
• Radial valgus deformities were moderate (mean 15°) and less severe than deformities from ulnar physeal closure.
• Surgical strategy included staged distraction, with radial or combined radius/ulna distraction guided by fluoroscopy and adjusted per case.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 12 dogs with medial or lateral tarsocrural joint instability (TCI), including 5 working farm dogs.
Procedure: Temporary immobilization using a calcaneotibial screw (CTS) combined with external coaptation (EC).
Stabilization techniques:

• 3 dogs = primary ligamentous repair
• 8 dogs = synthetic ligament reconstruction
• 2 dogs = malleolar fracture repair

Follow-up: Median 31 months (range 4–66); 10 owners completed outcome survey.
Outcomes:

• All 10 dogs had improved or resolved lameness.
• All 5 farm dogs returned to work (most at full or substantial capacity).
• Complication rate: 4 distinct events in 3 dogs (1 major = CTS breakage; 3 minor = bandage-related soft tissue injuries).

Conclusion: CTS + EC provided effective immobilization with low complication rate, and functional outcomes were favorable even in active dogs.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 754 soft tissue or orthopedic procedures in dogs and cats
• SSI Rate: 62/754 (8.2%)
• Algorithms Evaluated:
  • Algorithm 1: Highest sensitivity (87.1%) → best for "rule-out"
  • Algorithm 2: Highest specificity (97.9%) → best for "rule-in"
  • Algorithm 3: Highest overall accuracy (95.5%)
• Active vs. Passive Surveillance:
  • Active surveillance detected 12 additional SSIs (19.4%) missed by passive
  • Active surveillance increased detection rate by 24%
• Timing: Most SSIs occurred within 30 days; late infections (after 90 days) were rare and implant-related
• Conclusion: Client questionnaires are a valid and scalable tool for SSI detection; active surveillance improves outcomes

🔍 Key Findings

• Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
• Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
• In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
• In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
• PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
• No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
• Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
• PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.

🔍 Key Findings

• Arthroscopic meniscal suturing was performed in 43 client-owned dogs, involving 44 meniscal repairs (one dog was bilateral). All injuries involved the caudal horn of the medial meniscus and were associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.
• All dogs underwent simultaneous TPLO, with some also receiving an internal brace (IB). Most repairs used simple vertical mattress sutures.
• The overall complication rate was 34.1% (15/44). Most complications were attributed to the TPLO/TPLO+IB and did not compromise the meniscal repair outcome.
• No median time to “acceptable” or “full” function was reported, but most dogs showed improvement in lameness and LOAD scores (p < .001), indicating good to excellent outcomes.
• Meniscal repair success rate was 88% (38/44), with TPLO + IB outperforming TPLO-only (93.3% vs 71.4%). Follow-up was performed at 8 weeks (40 dogs) and 6 months (16 dogs).
• Six failures occurred, all managed with arthroscopic meniscectomy, leading to normal activity in those dogs. Two IB-associated failures led to CrCL instability.
• The authors concluded the technique was safe, practical, and effective, with a reasonable complication rate.
• The findings support arthroscopic suturing as a feasible alternative to meniscectomy or meniscal release, offering long-term benefits for preserving the meniscus.