🔍 Key Findings

• Modified closed anal sacculectomy resulted in a local recurrence rate of only 2.2%, substantially lower than prior reports (18–50%).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 31.9% of dogs; most (93%) were minor, with dehiscence being the most common.
• Mean survival time in deceased dogs was 521 days; median was 388 days.
• Surgical technique included complete en bloc excision of the sac and duct with sphincter reconstruction, aiming to reduce seeding risk.
• Only one major complication resulted in euthanasia due to infection and dehiscence.
• Histologic margins were complete in 44.7% of dogs; lymphatic invasion was present in 31.9%, and vascular in 8.5%.
• Adjunctive chemotherapy was administered in 34% of dogs (mostly carboplatin); not standardized due to retrospective design.
• Routine rectal exam was key to diagnosis in 57.4% of dogs with no clinical signs, underscoring the importance of screening.

🔍 Key Findings

Study size: 105 dogs (73 ORPS; 32 MIPO)

MIPO vs ORPS differences:

• Surgical time: MIPO median 130 min vs ORPS 85 min (p < .001)
• Explant rate: MIPO 25% vs ORPS 4.1% (p = .003)
• Time to clinical union: MIPO 85 days vs ORPS 57 days (p = .010)
• Frontal alignment deviation: MIPO 3.5° vs ORPS 2.0° (p = .047)
• Comminution more frequent in MIPO (41% vs 16%; p = .012)

Significant predictors for MIPO use: More proximal fracture margin (p = .004), surgeon identity (p < .001)

No significant difference: Sagittal alignment, radial length, union rate, or complication rate by surgeon

Implant preference: Fixin plates used in 84% of MIPO; locking plates more common in ORPS

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

🔍 Key Findings

• Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
• Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
• Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
• Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
• Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
• Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
• No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
• Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.

🔍 Key Findings

• Submucosal resection via a transanal approach was associated with a low rate (1.1%) of major complications and prolonged survival across benign and malignant rectal tumors.
• Overall recurrence rate was 21.5%, with higher recurrence in malignant tumors: 28.6% (carcinomas) and 30.4% (carcinoma in situ) vs. 13.6% (adenomas).
• Complications (P = .032) and incomplete margins (P = .023) were independently associated with increased recurrence risk.
• Recurrence was the only factor associated with increased risk of tumor-related death (P = .046).
• Repeat submucosal resection was successful in 60% of dogs with recurrence, indicating feasibility of this as a salvage approach.
• 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73%, though overall survival was significantly longer for benign tumors (P = .001).
• Preoperative diagnostics (FNA, biopsy) were often inconsistent with final histopathology – only 64.3% biopsy agreement.
• Presurgical imaging was not consistently performed, limiting accurate staging in many dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Patients: 16 (11 dogs, 5 cats); 6.1% of canine and 23.8% of feline PL cases were traumatic.
• Most common luxation direction: Medial (81.3%).
• Surgery: All had capsular imbrication; 75% had fabello-patellar suture (FPS).
• Short-term results (13/16 cases):
  • 77% had no lameness by 2 months.
  • 85% had no PL recurrence.
  • 3 severe complications: capsulorrhaphy tear, FPS fabellar tear, septic arthritis.
• Long-term results (13/16 cases):
  • 85% lameness-free.
  • 77% full function; 23% acceptable.
  • 0 reluxations reported by owners.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
• 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
• Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
• 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
• 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
• Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
• Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
• 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.

🔍 Key Findings

• Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
• Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
• No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
• No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
• Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
• Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
• Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
• Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fascia lata autograft reconstruction of the FCU tendon successfully treated carpal hyperextension in both dogs.
• Primary repair was not possible in one dog due to complete rupture; a fascia lata graft bridged the tendon gap.
• In the second case, elongated tendon was corrected and reinforced with fascia lata to prevent recurrence.
• Type I external skeletal fixation was used for 6 weeks to support tendon healing in both dogs.
• Postoperative gait and range of motion returned to normal, with no recurrence at 36-month follow-up.
• Ultrasonography aided diagnosis, revealing thinning and echogenic changes in the FCU tendon.
• Histologic findings showed mild, nonspecific muscle changes, suggesting injury rather than a systemic disease.
• No complications occurred, and fascia lata showed potential for biological integration and remodeling into tendon-like structure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Endoscopic excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes was successfully performed in cadavers and clinical dogs with minimal complications.
• The technique used a SILS port and CO₂ insufflation through a small incision between the latissimus dorsi and superficial pectorals.
• In 4 cadavers (6 limbs), mean time to remove axillary nodes was 33 minutes, and single nodes were found in 5/6 limbs.
• In 3 clinical dogs, the procedure was successful in 2 cases; 1 required conversion to open surgery due to difficulty manipulating the node.
• Accessory axillary nodes were successfully excised when present, located adherent to deep latissimus dorsi.
• No cases developed lymphedema, pneumothorax, or major complications postoperatively.
• Subjective benefits included better visualization, reduced dissection, and less postoperative morbidity than open techniques.
• Study suggests MIS lymphadenectomy may improve staging accuracy and reduce complications, though larger studies are needed.