Your Custom Quiz
In Nash 2024 et al., on esophageal pH monitoring, which technique was used to place the pH probe?
🔍 Key Findings
- Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
- Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
- Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
- Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
- Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
- Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
- No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
- Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs: A reference
2024-8-VS-nash-3
In Filho 2024 et al., which parameter was primarily used to assess kinetic gait adaptation in amputee dogs?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
- No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
- In hindlimb amputees:
- High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
- Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
- Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
- Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Gait Analysis of Amputee Dogs Using a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway
2024-4-VCOT-filho-4
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, which anatomic feature **must be preserved** during flap creation to optimize perfusion?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
- The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
- A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
- Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
- Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
- There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
- Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
- Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
2022-4-VS-ibrahim-3
In Scott 2023 et al., on thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy, what was the most common **histopathologic diagnosis** among the excised pulmonary lesions?
🔍 Key Findings
- TA lung lobectomy was feasible in dogs ≥3 kg, including those with lesions up to 10 cm.
- 12 intraoperative complications (40%) occurred, with 6 dogs (20%) converted to open thoracotomy, mainly due to adhesions or inability to isolate lobes.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 dogs (27%), most were mild (63%), and only 1 death (3%) was reported.
- Median hospitalization was 47 hours; 29/30 dogs were discharged successfully.
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was attempted in 7 dogs but successfully maintained in only 4.
- Linear staplers had shorter surgery times (median 57.5 min) than endoscopic staplers (80 min).
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in 77% of cases, most commonly papillary and bronchioalveolar carcinoma.
- TA lobectomy allows MIS in smaller dogs or with large lesions, avoiding need for full thoracotomy or complex anesthesia/stapling.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs
2023-1-VS-scott-1
In Filho 2024 et al., what was the primary cause of limb amputation in the study population?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
- No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
- In hindlimb amputees:
- High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
- Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
- Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
- Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Gait Analysis of Amputee Dogs Using a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway
2024-4-VCOT-filho-5
In Sunlight 2022 et al., on Protein C monitoring, which variable was **not** significantly associated with ultimate clinical status?
🔍 Key Findings
- Postoperative Protein C (PC) activity increased in 78.7% of dogs, and was significantly higher in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
- Complete acute shunt occlusion resulted in higher postoperative PC activity (96.3%) and better ultimate clinical outcomes than incomplete occlusion.
- Preoperative PC was not predictive of clinical status, but postoperative PC was associated with improved outcomes.
- Standard biochemical markers (HCT, MCV, ALB, BUN) also improved postoperatively, especially in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
- Dogs requiring a second procedure had significantly lower postoperative PC (43.5%) than those not requiring further intervention (78.5%).
- Repeat procedures improved PC and BUN values, with PC increasing significantly after second intervention (to 69.8%).
- PC normalization (within reference interval) occurred in 87.5% of dogs with excellent clinical status, compared to only 12.5% in those with poor status.
- Clinical outcome classification (excellent/fair/poor) correlated with biochemical normalization and lack of need for diet/medications.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Protein C and comparative biochemical changes in dogs treated with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2022-1-VS-sunlight-2
In Welsh 2025 et al., on orthogonal plating, what was the failure load for the OP2.0 construct?
🔍 Key Findings
- Compared unilateral plating (UP) vs orthogonal plating (OP) with 2.0, 2.4, and 3.0 mm plates (OP2.0, OP2.4, OP3.0).
- Model: acetal homopolymer (Delrin) rod with 29 mm fixed fracture gap, loaded axially (4–196 N, 90,000 cycles).
- OP constructs had 2.5–4.1x higher strength and 3.0–4.2x higher stiffness than UP constructs (p < .0002).
- UP had 3.5–4.1x higher gap strain than OP groups (p < .0075).
- All OP groups exceeded 1000 N max load before failure (vs 424 N for UP).
- Greater implant size in OP groups further increased performance.
- All constructs survived fatigue loading; 3.5 mm plates showed deformation, especially UP; OP plates remained intact.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Biomechanical analysis of orthogonal and unilateral locking plate constructs in a fracture gap model
2025-4-VS-welsh-3
In Lhuillery 2022 et al., on GDV stabilization timing, which variable was significantly associated with increased in-hospital and 1-month mortality?
🔍 Key Findings
- Survival rates did not differ between immediate (90 min) and delayed (≥5 h) surgical stabilization groups at discharge or 1-month post-op (approx. 80% survival in both).
- Hyperlactatemia at 24 hours post-fluid therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital and 1-month mortality (P = .01 and P = .02).
- Persistent tachycardia during hospitalization was linked to increased 1-month mortality (P = .015).
- Partial gastrectomy was required in ~6–10% of cases, with high associated mortality.
- Preoperative stabilization protocols (trocarization, nasogastric tube) allowed safe surgical delays up to 13.7 hours without impacting survival.
- Degree of gastric torsion differed between groups; more 0° torsions in delayed cases, potentially due to decompression-induced derotation.
- No difference in post-op complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension, or AKI between groups.
- More intra-anesthetic deaths occurred in immediate surgery group, highlighting importance of adequate pre-op stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Outcomes of dogs undergoing surgery for gastric dilatation volvulus after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization
2022-5-VS-lhuillery-2
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, which variable most significantly predicted the postoperative change in proximal ulna angle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
- Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
- Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
- Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
- Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
- Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
- Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
- No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulna osteotomy: Effect of location on change in angle of the proximal ulna segment
2025-6-VS-farrugia-2
In Schmutterer 2024 et al., on stifle flexion angle effects, at which angle was the contact force ratio (CFR) significantly lowest?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Biomechanical study on 14 hindlimbs from Retrievers (cadaveric)
- Three stifle flexion angles tested: 125°, 135°, and 145°
- Contact Force Ratio (CFR) was significantly higher at 125° and 135° than at 145° (p < 0.001)
- Center of force shifted caudally with increasing flexion — especially in medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus peak pressure was significantly higher at 125° than 145° (p = 0.049)
- Mean pressures on lateral meniscus decreased with extension, while medial meniscus pressure remained constant
- Relevance: Helps interpret meniscal load in early cruciate disease and in surgical modeling
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Evaluation of Meniscal Load and Load Distribution in the Sound Canine Stifle at Different Angles of Flexion
2024-3-VCOT-schmutterer-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings