🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 62 fractures in 61 dogs (44 lateral condylar, 18 intracondylar); mostly Spaniels
• LEAP plate used in all cases; minimal intraoperative contouring needed (1 French Bulldog)
• Overall complication rate: ~33%, mostly minor; 1 amputation due to catastrophic infection
• Radiographic healing:
  • Lateral epicondylar part healed in 100%
  • Condylar part healed in ~61.5% LCF and ~57.1% ICF
• Functional outcomes:
  • 87% returned to full limb use
  • Median LOAD score: 2 for LCF, 6.5 for ICF
• Design adjustments made post-study to strengthen weak zones around 3rd–4th screw holes

🔍 Key Findings

• COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
• In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
• In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
• Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
• The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
• COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
• External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
• Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.

🔍 Key Findings

• Barbed sutures showed comparable leakage pressure to traditional sutures and stapling devices (p = .36).
• No bronchial leaks occurred at physiological pressure (<20 cmH₂O) in any group.
• Leakage at supraphysiologic pressure (20–80 cmH₂O) occurred in 90% of stapler, 80% of traditional, and 60% of barbed suture closures.
• Barbed sutures reduced ligation time significantly compared to traditional sutures (10.7 vs. 14.1 minutes, p < .01).
• Staplers remained fastest, with mean ligation time of 2.4 minutes.
• No knot failure or suture breakage was observed in barbed or traditional suture groups.
• Leakage in barbed sutures occurred mostly at the loop effector zone, but remained within acceptable limits.
• Barbed sutures may offer an effective alternative when staplers are unavailable, impractical, or cost-prohibitive.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in non-infected incisional dehiscence rates among groups using PDS vs. Monocryl for subcutaneous and skin closure.
• Overall dehiscence rate: 9.48% (22/232 dogs).
• Postoperative antibiotic use and signs of inflammation were significantly associated with dehiscence (p = .023 and p < .001, respectively).
• Dogs not receiving postoperative antibiotics had a higher dehiscence rate (14.74%) than those that did (5.84%).
• Most dehiscence cases were superficial (85.7%), and the average length of dehiscence was 1.71 cm.
• No statistically significant impact of weight, BCS, incision length, procedure type, surgeon experience, closure direction, or barrier use on dehiscence rate.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 73 hips from 60 dogs undergoing cementless THR.
Methods evaluated:

• ACVD/ACOLL (acetabular circle on VD or OLL view)
• ALVD/ALOLL (acetabular line)
• FHCVD/FHCOLL/FHCCCHB (femoral head circle)

• Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver consistency were excellent for ACVD and ACOLL.
• FHC methods consistently underestimated actual cup size by 2.4–3.6 mm.
• AC and AL methods had low bias (±0.5 mm) and better predictive value.
• OA severity negatively affected the accuracy of all measurements (p < .05).
• Highest predictive accuracy was ~49% using ACVD with rounding down protocol.

🔍 Key Findings

• Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
• Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
• Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
• Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
• No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
• Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
• Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
• Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
• Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
• Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
• Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
• No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
• One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
• Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.