🔍 Key Findings

• Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
• Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
• No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
• CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
• CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
• CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
• CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
• Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.

🔍 Key Findings

• Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
• Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
• Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
• Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
• Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
• Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
• No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
• Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.

🔍 Key Findings

• DPO significantly improved femoral head coverage, increasing mean DLS from 36.1% to 71.4% postoperatively (p < 0.001).
• No significant change in DLS between immediate postoperative and follow-up scans, suggesting stable surgical outcomes over time.
• Greater plate angle (30°) yielded larger DLS improvement (mean increase: 39.8%) compared to 25° and 20° plates.
• Only 3 hips had post-op DLS scores <55%, indicating most patients had lower risk of osteoarthritis progression.
• No correlation found between DLS improvement and age, body weight, or side of surgery, suggesting broad applicability.
• CT was used for DLS measurement in simulated weight-bearing, improving precision over radiographic methods.
• Major limitations included small sample size, multiple surgeons, and variable sedation vs anesthesia during imaging.
• DPO confirmed as effective for reducing dorsolateral subluxation, improving coxofemoral joint congruency in dysplastic dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
• Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
• Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
• Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
• Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
• Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
• CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
• Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.

🔍 Key Findings

• Population: 16 dogs (27 tibias), TPA >34°
• Techniques analyzed:
  • Group A: CBLO + CCWO
  • Group B: TPLO + CCWO
  • Group C: mCCWO
  • Group D: PTNWO
• Outcomes:
  • All groups achieved post-correction TPA < 14°.
  • Group A: Slight over-correction (mean TPA 10.47°); greatest mechanical axis shift.
  • Group B: Tibial shortening (~0.58%); least mechanical axis shift.
  • Group C: Lowest post-correction TPA (mean 4.76°); under-correction.
  • Group D: High accuracy, minimal shortening (mean 7.09° post).
• Statistical Significance:
  • Significant differences in tibial length change and mCrDTA (mechanical axis shift) between groups (p <.05).
  • TPA correction accuracy: Group A (1.02), B (0.95), C (0.89), D (0.98).

🔍 Key Findings

• 14 joints from 7 cat cadavers underwent AA-HTS successfully.
• Median surgical time: 46.5 min (29–144), including 7 min for arthroscopy and 40 min for toggle placement.
• Intraoperative complications in 5/14 joints: 4 related to femoral tunnel creation, 1 toggle lodging.
• Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, mildly difficult in 6 joints.
• Cartilage injury occurred in 10 joints, but all were minor (<10% of cartilage area).
• 13 deviations from planned technique were identified (8 major, 5 minor), all involving femoral tunnel placement.
• No neurovascular, intrapelvic, or major periarticular injuries occurred.
• Authors conclude: AA-HTS is feasible in cats, but associated with high rates of minor iatrogenic cartilage damage, intra-op complications, and technique deviations.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 95 TPLO procedures reviewed retrospectively with follow-up radiographs
• Rock-back defined as increase in tibial plateau angle (TPA) ≥2° from immediate post-op to recheck
• 21% of stifles (20/95) experienced rock-back
• Mean ΔTPA among rock-back cases = 3.2° ± 2.6°
• No implant failures or tibial tuberosity fractures were reported in these cases
• Plate inclination and exit cut angle (ECA) were not associated with increased risk of rock-back (p = 0.4 and 0.2)
• Authors hypothesize that compression across osteotomy in vivo may mitigate torsional effects from ECA, unlike in gap-model studies
• Emphasizes that rock-back is relatively common, even with well-placed implants

🔍 Key Findings

• Fasting ammonia (FA) was the most specific test (100%) for confirming EHPSS closure postoperatively.
• Serum hyaluronic acid (SHA) and MEGX at 15 minutes post-lidocaine were the most sensitive tests (96.9% and 96.2%, respectively).
• SHA combined with MEGX T15, or with FA or postprandial serum bile acids (SBA), provided 100% sensitivity with good specificity (72.4–82.8%).
• SHA levels remained elevated in all dogs with persistent shunting, even when other tests were normal.
• Paired SBA had moderate sensitivity (90%) and variable specificity (89%).
• The L/MEGX test at 30 min was less useful than at 15 min for assessing closure.
• Traditional SBA testing showed reduced utility postoperatively; normal values did not rule out persistent shunting.
• Blood tests improved when combined, but imaging remains essential to definitively confirm EHPSS closure.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 373 cats with high-rise syndrome (HRS) from 2017–2020.
ATTS was the only significant predictor of survival (p < 0.001); each point increase decreased survival odds (OR = 0.46).
AUC for ATTS ROC curve: 0.857 (95% CI: 0.788–0.926).
Floor height, lesion type, and ground surface were not significantly associated with survival.
Odds of injury were 7.98× higher when landing on hard vs. soft surface (p < 0.001).
16.96× increased injury risk from the fourth vs. third floor (p = 0.008).
Cats with ATTS ≥7 had 62% mortality; median ATTS increased with floor height (r = 0.244, p < 0.001).
Thoracic and vertebral trauma were most common causes of death.
Only 32% of cats had the “classic” HRS triad (pneumothorax, epistaxis, hard palate fracture).

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 124 dogs (64 S, 60 FFP); French Bulldogs most common (54/124)
• Pre-op clinical signs: Exercise intolerance (34/124), stertor (22), regurgitation (7), vomiting (12)
• Operative time (no concurrent procedure): Longer in FFP (75 vs 51 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic time: Longer in FFP (111 vs 80 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic complications: Similar rates (FFP 50, S 49; p = .30)
• Post-op regurgitation: 27/124 (S: 17, FFP: 10; p = .18)
• Post-op aspiration pneumonia: Rare (S: 4, FFP: 5)
• Major complications: Rare (5/124); 2 dogs euthanized post-op (1 per group)
• Revision surgery: Needed in 7/124 (3 S, 4 FFP)