🔍 Key Findings

• Fascia was present over most of the canine forelimb, but key areas like the elbow, carpus, and manus lacked robust fascial planes for wide resection.
• Type I fascia (discrete sheet) was primarily found in the antebrachium, with type IV (periosteal) fascia located at the olecranon, scapular spine, and accessory carpal bone.
• Distal antebrachial fascia was thin and adherent, often blending with carpal structures and lacking reliable surgical planes.
• Partial tenectomy or joint capsule resection was often required for wide excision in the distal limb, especially over the triceps tendon and carpus.
• Nerve transections (e.g., superficial radial or ulnar branches) were commonly needed to maintain fascial margins, though often with minimal functional loss due to overlapping innervation.
• Digital and metacarpal pads lacked clear deep fascial borders, making digit amputation necessary for oncologic margins in distal tumors.
• Dissections revealed fascial junctions as either Type A (easily separable) or Type B (risk of disruption), guiding resection plane selection.
• Findings provide a surgical map to guide preoperative planning for superficial tumor excision on the forelimb.

🔍 Key Findings

• All dogs developed progressive osteoarthritis (OA) after surgical debridement of proximal humeral OC.
• Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and reduced shoulder range of motion were common, particularly in unilaterally affected dogs.
• Arthroscopically, lesions showed incomplete cartilage infilling even years after surgery, averaging only ~37% infilling.
• Synovitis was present in all joints, with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy and vascularity scores.
• CT identified OC lesions as deeper and wider than radiography, and all affected joints had more advanced OA than contralateral limbs (P = .001 radiograph, P = .005 CT).
• Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in peak vertical force or impulse, but a subtle 4.4% asymmetric load reduction on the operated limb.
• Median LOAD score was 6, indicating mild owner-perceived disability despite measurable clinical and imaging abnormalities.
• Cartilage infilling was incomplete in all cases, with no lesion exceeding 60% restoration, raising questions about the healing potential of debridement alone.

🔍 Key Findings

• Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
• Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
• Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
• Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
• Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
• Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
• Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
• Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
• No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
• In hindlimb amputees:
  • High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
  • Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
• Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
• Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning

🔍 Key Findings

• Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
• Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
• Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
• Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
• Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
• Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
• Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
• Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.

🔍 Key Findings

• Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
• No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
• Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
• Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
• Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
• 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
• Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
• Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.

🔍 Key Findings

• Surgical excision of insulinomas resulted in euglycemia or hyperglycemia in 90% of cats immediately post-op.
• 18/20 cats (90%) survived to hospital discharge, with a median survival time of 863 days.
• Younger age, metastasis at surgery, tumor invasion, and lower glucose levels were negative prognostic factors.
• Two cats had stage III disease with metastasis; one lived 413 days post-op, suggesting some benefit to surgery even in advanced disease.
• Postoperative hypoglycemia and seizure activity were associated with poorer outcomes; one cat euthanized due to seizures despite euglycemia.
• Median disease-free interval (DFI) was 1052 days; for cats with metastasis, DFI dropped to 93 days.
• Partial pancreatectomy was performed in 11 cats, nodulectomy in 10, and enucleation in 1; method of resection not linked to outcome.
• Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of cats; most were manageable with supportive care.

🔍 Key Findings

Source: Bush et al., 2023, Veterinary Surgery

• Median survival time (MST) after surgery was 1886 days, which is significantly longer than previously reported.
• Lymph node metastasis at surgery was a negative prognostic factor, reducing MST to 248 days (vs. 2340 days without nodal involvement).
• Local recurrence occurred in 42% of dogs, with a median disease-free interval (DFI) of 191 days.
• Metastatic disease occurred in 32% of dogs, most commonly to the lungs, with a median DFI of 299 days.
• Histologic features (e.g., margin status, capsular, lymphatic, or vascular invasion) were not significantly correlated with recurrence or metastasis.
• Facial nerve injury occurred in 9.7% perioperatively, especially after parotidectomy; intraoperative facial nerve transection led to long-term deficits.
• Adjuvant therapies (chemotherapy, radiation, NSAIDs) did not significantly affect survival time.
• Incisional biopsy was only 38% concordant with final excisional histology, suggesting limited reliability for definitive diagnosis.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
• Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
• Upper reference limits:
  • Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
  • Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
  • Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
• Median values (normal):
  • Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0
• Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
• No regurgitation observed in any dog
• No major adverse events with probe use
• Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases

🔍 Key Findings

• Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
• Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
• All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
• Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
• Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
• Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
• CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
• Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.