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Burton et al: Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
  • PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
  • UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
  • Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
  • Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
  • Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).

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