Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Veterinary Surgery 7, 2023

PCCLm was associated with fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs (p = .022) compared to OC.
Incomplete urolith removal rates were not significantly different between PCCLm (11.4%) and OC (20%) groups.
Anesthesia time was significantly shorter in PCCLm (median 97.5 min) vs. OC (120 min) (p < .001).
Hospitalization time was significantly reduced in PCCLm, with 84.7% discharged same day vs. 0% in OC group (p < .001).
Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were not significantly different, though extension of PCCLm incision increased SSII risk (OR 18.76; p = .027).
PCCLm had more intraoperative complications, but these were generally minor and did not affect outcomes.
Dogs with urethral obstruction or large firm bladder were more likely to have residual uroliths postoperatively, especially in PCCLm group.
PCCLm group had longer time to recurrence of urolith surgery and death, suggesting possible long-term benefits.

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PCCLm was associated with fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs (p = .022) compared to OC.
Incomplete urolith removal rates were not significantly different between PCCLm (11.4%) and OC (20%) groups.
Anesthesia time was significantly shorter in PCCLm (median 97.5 min) vs. OC (120 min) (p < .001).
Hospitalization time was significantly reduced in PCCLm, with 84.7% discharged same day vs. 0% in OC group (p < .001).
Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were not significantly different, though extension of PCCLm incision increased SSII risk (OR 18.76; p = .027).
PCCLm had more intraoperative complications, but these were generally minor and did not affect outcomes.
Dogs with urethral obstruction or large firm bladder were more likely to have residual uroliths postoperatively, especially in PCCLm group.
PCCLm group had longer time to recurrence of urolith surgery and death, suggesting possible long-term benefits.