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Viitanen et al: Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

  • Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
  • Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
  • Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
  • All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
  • LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
  • IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
  • IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
  • Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively

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← Articles

Viitanen et al: Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

  • Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
  • Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
  • Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
  • All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
  • LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
  • IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
  • IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
  • Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which surgical complication was specifically avoided by using the intraoral approach?

A. Contamination of surgical field
B. Inadvertent duct ligation
C. Palpebral nerve damage
D. Salivary fistula formation
E. Facial nerve paralysis

Answer: Palpebral nerve damage

Explanation: IOA avoids the palpebral branch of the auriculopalpebral nerve, reducing risk of lagophthalmos.
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which dog conformation was associated with higher difficulty in complete gland removal using IOA?

A. Dolichocephalic
B. Brachycephalic
C. Mesocephalic
D. Toy breed
E. Giant breed

Answer: Brachycephalic

Explanation: In brachycephalic cadavers, remnant gland tissue remained after IOA, likely due to anatomy.
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, what was a cited benefit of intraoral approach in terms of postoperative management?

A. Shorter hospitalization
B. No need for analgesia
C. Faster mucosal healing
D. No need for Elizabethan collar
E. Minimal blood loss

Answer: No need for Elizabethan collar

Explanation: IOA caused minimal external trauma, eliminating the need for E-collar in all clinical cases.
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which structure posed a risk of injury during intraoral dissection of the zygomatic salivary gland?

A. Transverse facial artery
B. Masseteric nerve
C. Deep facial vein
D. Zygomaticofacial nerve
E. Infraorbital sinus

Answer: Deep facial vein

Explanation: Blunt dissection during IOA needed care to avoid damaging the deep facial vein.
In Viitanen 2023 et al., on zygomatic sialoadenectomy, which approach required zygomatic arch osteotomy?

A. Intraoral approach
B. Transpalpebral approach
C. Modified lateral orbitotomy approach
D. Inferior transconjunctival approach
E. Ventral extraoral approach

Answer: Modified lateral orbitotomy approach

Explanation: The modified LOA included a zygomatic arch osteotomy with preservation of the masseter insertion.

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